Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) established in 1942, is an autonomous body and India's largest Research and Development (R&D) organization, with 39 laboratories and 50 field stations or extension centers spread across the nation, with a collective staff of over 17,000. Although CSIR is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860.