Gujarati phonology

Vowels

• Sanskrit's phonemic vowel length has been lost.
• Gujarati contrasts oral and nasal, and murmured and non-murmured vowels,
• In absolute word-final position the higher and lower vowels of the and sets vary.
• and developed in the 15th century. Old Gujarati split into Rajasthani and (Middle) Gujarati.
• English loanwords are a source of .

Consonants

• A fourth nasal phoneme is postulated for the phones and the nasalization of a preceding vowel .
• Stops occurring at first members of clusters followed by consonants other than are unreleased; they are optionally unreleased in final position. The absence of release entails deaspiration of voiceless stops.
• Intervocalic and with murmuring of......
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