Natural history
Early geologic history
The
Catskills began existence as a
river delta 350 million years ago. Streams flowing off the then-mighty
Taconic Mountains deposited
sediment where the river met a sea (now the
Allegheny Plateau. Eventually the Taconics eroded to their present size and the waters dried up, leaving a mostly flat plain.
During this time period, a
meteor is believed to have struck the area.
Panther Mountain is the remains of its
crater.
Two hundred million years ago, as
continental drift pushed up the Appalachians, the delta region rose almost uniformly into a
plateau rather than breaking up into smaller mountains. Streams that formed over time eroded gaps and valleys, leaving today's "mountains."
The Ice Ages
The next great change in the Catskill landscape was caused by the most recent of four periods of
glaciation, the
Wisconsin. Every mountain except Slide (and perhaps
West Kill) was covered. The glaciers left behind lakes when they melted, some of which became
reservoirs in the 20th century.
Some geologists also believe the glaciers scoured off sedimentary layers that may have contained
coal, noting the surfeit of coal to the south in Pennsylvania and that the white
quartz pebbles found atop Slide Mountain are often an indicator that one has reached the bottom of a coal bed in those regions.
Human history
Prehistory
While the matter has yet to be fully researched, there seems to have been no large-scale long-term
Native American...
Read More