Khakamada was born to a Japanese father, Mutsuo Hakamada, a communist who defected to the Soviet Union in 1939, and Nina Sinelnikova, a Russian-Jewish schoolteacher who lost her father to the Stalinist purges and her mother to suicide following the family's forced relocation to Khabarovsk. Her paternal uncle is Satomi Hakamada, a longtime member of the Japanese Communist Party leadership. The Russia expert and Aoyama Gakuin University political science professor Shigeki Hakamada is her half-brother. In Kanji, her family name is ; in katakana, her name is イリーナ・ハカマダ.