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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
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Description:
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
, or
nAChRs
, are
cholinergic receptors
that form
ligand-gated ion channels
in the
plasma membranes
of certain
neurons
and on the postsynaptic side of the
neuromuscular junction
<!-- and other
cell
-->. As
ionotropic
receptors, nAChRs are directly linked to ion channels and do not use
second messengers
(as
metabotropic receptors
do).
Like the other type of
acetylcholine receptor
— the
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
(mAChR) — the nAChR is triggered by the binding of the
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
(ACh). However, whereas muscarinic receptors are also activated by
muscarine
, nicotinic receptors can be opened by
nicotine
- hence the name "nicotinic".
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are present in many tissues in the body and are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors. The neuronal receptors are found in the
central nervous system
and the
peripheral nervous system
. The neuromuscular receptors are found in the
neuromuscular junctions
of
somatic muscle
; stimulation of these receptors causes
muscular contraction
.
Structure
Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular mass of 290
kDa
, are made up of five subunits, arranged symmetrically around a central
pore
.<ref...
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