Puerto Rican independence movement

The Puerto Rican independence movement (Movimiento de la Independencia Puertorriqueña) refers to initiatives throughout the history of Puerto Rico aimed at obtaining independence for the Island, first from Spain, and then from the United States. The movement is not localized to one group of individuals or even one organization throughout the years, but represents instead the events and activities of dozens of groups and organizations, and thousands of individuals, that share the common goal of advocating, supporting, or seeking political independence for Puerto Rico.

Since the beginning of the 19th century, the independence movement in Puerto Rico has used both peaceful, political means as well as violent, revolutionary approaches in search of its objectives. Organized political movements have existed since the mid-19th century and have advocated independence of the Island, first from Spain (in the 19th century) and then from the United States (from 1898 to the present day). Today, a spectrum of autonomous, nationalist, and independence sentiments and political parties exist in the Island.

Independence from Spain

Revolts by the Tainos

Modern Puerto Rican independence movements can be traced back to the 16th century with the Taíno rebellion of 1511 led by Agüeybaná II.

In this revolt, Agüeybaná II, the most powerful cacique in the island at the time, together with Urayoán, cacique of Añasco, organized a revolt against the Spaniards in the southern and western parts...
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