The diocese was erected on 2 February 1956 as the Diocese of Groningen. Its current name was created on 4 February 2006.
There are some 110,000 Catholics (or 6.2 % of the total population) living in the diocese, making it the smallest Dutch diocese in population, even while it is the largest in area, covering an area of some 9,205 square kilometers (3,555 square miles). As per the most recent data available, the number of churchgoers in 2005 was 12,435 or 0.7 % of the total population.