Tolui

Tolui, also rendered Toluy, Tului or Tolui Khan (), born Tolui () (Temple name: ) (1192–1232) was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by Börte. His ulus, or territorial inheritance, at his father's death in 1227 was the homelands in Mongolia, and it was he who served as civil administrator in the time it took to confirm Ögedei as second Khagan of the Mongol Empire (1206–1368). Before that, he had served with distinction in the campaigns against the Jin Dynasty, the Xi Xia and the Khwarezmid Empire, where he was instrumental in the capture and massacre at Merv and Nishapur. He is a direct ancestor of most of the Emperors of Mongolia.

Early years

During the rise of Genghis Khan, Tolui was too small to involve in the battles. Tolui was almost killed by a Tatar when he was about five. He was saved by his sister Altani and two companions of Genghis. In 1203, His father bestowed on Tolui as wife Sorghaghtani, the niece of Ong Khan. Their first son Mongke was born in 1209. He was the best warrior among the sons of Genghis. He first entered combat against the Jin Dynasty in 1213, scaling the walls of Dexing with his brother-in-law Chiqu.

In 1221, Genghis Khan dispatched him to Khorasan in Iran. The cities in this area had revolted several times. The defenders of Nishapur killed Toquchar, the brother-in-law of Tolui in November 1220. Tolui's army evacuated Nishapur onto the plains. He ordered total massacres of Nishapur...
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