Taniguchi was born in Nara. He has won 16 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour (ranking joint 10th on the most career victories list), topped the money list in 2002 and 2007, and is fifth on the career money list (through 2009). In 2001, he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship.
He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Rankings and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007-2008.